Essay on The Growth of Social Networking Sites Essay Example For Students

Paper on The Growth of Social Networking Sites Essay The members and crowd for SNSs is developing quickly. Measurements distributed become rapidly out dated and it is fascinating to watch both the worldwide and national patterns of Internet use commonly throughout the years, just as those particular to the utilization of Social Networking Sites. Access to innovation has become a fundamental piece of training, socialization and industry related necessities, and in like manner Internet utilization is advancing and developing quickly. A review led by the Australian Bureau of Statics in 2003 found that in the a year preceding April 2003, 95% of Australian youngsters, matured somewhere in the range of five and fourteen years had utilized a PC. The recurrence of their utilization expanded with the age of the study respondents. In 2006, 63% of Australian residences approached the web contrasted with just 35% in 2001. In December 2009 there were 9.1 million dynamic web supporters in Australia, with 90% of these endorsers having a refined broadband association. Youths, over the recent years particularly, have logically embraced innovation as their favored technique for association (Bargh McKenna, 2004.) Much of their character improvement process is happening on the web, as they explore different avenues regarding their self articulation. In 2003 32% of twelve to fourteen years olds were at that point getting to the Internet every day (ABS, 2003. ) Samuelson (2010) considers this age of youths the ‘Millenials,’ depicting them as ‘the first genuinely advanced generation.’ An examination with respect to Media and Communications in Australian Families (2007) found that 70% of Australian young ladies between the ages of fourteen and seventeen had a profile on the SNS MySpace, contrasted with half of high school young men. They additionally found that young ladies tende. .ot give off an impression of being the situation for clients of informal community locales. Subside, Valkenberg Schouten (2005) found that youthful grown-ups who exhibit positive disconnected companion connections are bound to utilize long range interpersonal communication locales as a road to proceed and reinforce these cooperations. This was repudiated by research distributed in 2006, which proposed that College understudies with less obviously characterized self-ideas were bound to utilize the web, recommending that youthful grown-ups may go to organized spaces as a device for personality improvement (Matsuba, 2006.) A review study found that young people who were better balanced at ages 13-14, (as showed through the restricted antagonism saw in their vis-à-vis peer associations and less self revealed burdensome side effects) were bound to utilize SNS at 20-22 years old. (Mikami, Szwedo, Allen, Even and Hare 2008)

The Meaning Of Family To The South Asian (Indian) Male Essay Example for Free

The Meaning Of Family To The South Asian (Indian) Male Essay The family is customarily the center of every Asian culture. Choices are frequently done while contemplating the close family, just as the outer family. In any case, with regards to Asian culture, the family â€Å"is not an especially cherishing social unit.†[1] In most Asian social orders, the family is utilized as a methods for shielding property, proceeding with bloodlines and procuring more wealth.[2] Indian culture is one such model wherein this reality exists. Children are allowed special treatment over their sisters, in light of the fact that the previous is relied upon to maintain the privately-run company and proceed with the family name. Likewise, customs, for example, the endowment framework give moment fortune to a groom’s family. The Indian male, along these lines, sees the family as a setting wherein he can practice control and acquire material success. This conviction isn't without social fortifications. Companions and family members shout congrats at whatever point an infant kid is destined to Indian guardians. In Indian culture, a child is viewed as insurance[3] †he will acquire his father’s property and will help bolster the family by finding a new line of work. In sharp complexity, girls are viewed as extra expenses[4] †their lone spot is in the home. The predisposition against girls is profoundly imbued in Indian culture that individuals in certain pieces of India utilize the articulation â€Å"The worker of your family unit has been born†[5] when welcoming a family with an infant little girl. In the Indian family, the dad is the supplier and the predominant position figure. He should treat his better half like a worker and be harsh and unapproachable towards his youngsters. The spouse, then again, must be faithful, devoted and docile to her better half. She should keep an eye on his needs like a loyal and committed worker. Such an inflexible and progressive family structure regularly leaves spouses feeling disregarded and manhandled. To dispose of these slants, they luxurious all their thoughtfulness regarding their sons.[6] In doing as such, they become the supplier and the predominant position figures in their separate families.[7] The Indian mother gives her child, particularly in the event that it is a kid, steady sustaining. The child is continually taken care of, enjoyed and is reacted to at each whine. Growing up, male Indian youngsters are made to accept that they have the right to be the focal point of consideration just due to their sexual orientation. Their moms excluded them from tasks, as the previous views housework as a girl’s work. After arriving at youth, male Indians are urged to demonstrate their manliness by drinking, smoking, betting and engaging in sexual relations with whores. This cultural desire isn't without help from the family †there are situations when fathers and uncles are the ones who carry their children and nephews to the house of ill-repute for their first sexual experience. On account of its overemphasis on reveling children, the previously mentioned youngster raising procedure creates entirely flippant guys. Spoiled from earliest stages, most Indian men end up as wastrels, abusing the assets first of their moms and later of their spouses. More regrettable, they wed ladies who were raised to endure the eccentricity of their spouses. The marital family, therefore, is changed into an expansion of the husband’s close family. The spouse, then, turns into the husband’s swap for his mom †a lady who will oblige his every impulse and will neglect even his most genuine offenses The spouse must choose the option to acknowledge and live with this circumstance †society directs that she moves her devotion to her matrimonial family upon marriage. Not exclusively is she to deal with her significant other; she is likewise to take care of her folks in-law. Indian guardians in-law, particularly relatives, exploit this cultural commitment by guaranteeing that the marriage of their children will furnish their family with material advantages. The share framework is one method of accomplishing this objective. Despite the fact that it was at that point banned in India in 1961, the act of paying and tolerating settlement is as yet standard in the nation. India’s illicit share framework leaves ladies powerless against misuse and even homicide. Consistently, an expected 25,000 women[8] in the nation are debilitated or murdered over endowment debates. Settlement related violations are frequently propagated by grooms and relatives who are not happy with the shares that the bride’s family gave them. Casualties of endowment murders are generally executed by being drenched with lamp fuel and set afire with a lit match. The group of the lucky man will at that point say that the demise was a â€Å"suicide† or a â€Å"kitchen accident.† Police are intermittently paid off into authenticating the case. Families who can manage the cost of extravagant shares, then again, are regularly left ruined and with incredibly substantial obligations. In pre-pioneer India, upper-position families watched the settlement framework so as to help settle marriage costs and to empower the lady of the hour to live all alone should she leave an oppressive marriage.[9] But the British brought homogenized and systematized laws into the nation, bringing about male mastery of the neighborhood economy.[10] Only men were permitted to possess land and work outside the home. All the while, young men increased higher social worth than young ladies. These social, political and monetary conditions prompted the change of the share framework from a wedding blessing to a type of payment[11] to a man for wedding a lady. Since Indian ladies were not, at this point equipped for possessing area or working outside the home, guardians needed to get rid of their little girls as ahead of schedule as could be expected under the circumstances. Thus, they tricked potential spouses with costly shares. The groups of these men, then again, saw the endowment framework as a chance to take care of overwhelming area burdens that the British forced on them.[12] Shares took on another structure in the twentieth century. During this period, groups of forthcoming grooms requested expensive endowments so as to stay aware of the consumerist way of life related with capitalism.[13] To persuade families regarding potential ladies into paying, Indian men, especially those from the privileged societies, exploit their qualification, social ability and caste.[14] The higher the capabilities and the station, the higher the share required. Indian families respect union with a higher station as the quickest method to social advancement.[15]

More Public Art Projects

More Public Art Projects If any of you have attended one of my MIT info sessions, either on campus or on the road, youve heard me talk about MITs 2+ miles of underground tunnels. On mornings like these (3 degrees when I left the house), I am very grateful for these tunnels as I travel from the T to my office. It took me 6 months to really get my bearings down there. Prior to that, it was like playing a video game lots of exploring and getting lost and seeing certain landmarks 4 times before realizing that I was traveling in circles. :-) Now that Im more familiar with the tunnels, the journey tends to be a rather monotonous one. Until today. Bryan recently mentioned one of the 4.301 projects in his blog. Knowing that these were beginning to pop up, I wasnt too surprised to find this on my journey this morning: Turning the corner yielded butterflies! And then we find some signage hung from the overhead pipes Followed by some letters (figure this one out, folks). Going up a flight of stairs, we find hubcaps? The last leg of my journey dumps me into the Infinite, where I find this heart (it looks much cooler in person). Click the photo to view a closeup, and for the uninitiated, heres some history on IHTFP. Oh, and someone pulled a brilliant hack this morning, turning Lobby 7 and the Infinite into Super Mario Bros, but I think Matt will be covering that.

Poetry Analysis Digging And Twice Shy - 1190 Words

Danica Capili IB Senior English Ms. Rowe 15 January 2016 Poetry Analysis Paper - Digging Twice Shy Seamus Heaney published â€Å"Digging† and â€Å"Twice Shy† under the same collection of poems from â€Å"Death of a Naturalist† in 1966. The story behind â€Å"Digging† is about the internal conflict Heaney has with himself and the memories of his father working hard in the potato farm while Heaney works hard at digging into his poetry. â€Å"Twice Shy† centers on how a couple communicates their emotions felt from a date that carried meanings. The main theme for â€Å"Digging† is about the conflict Heaney has with his identity, while â€Å"Twice Shy† focuses on disillusionment between the couple. Heaney seems to struggle with realizing his own potential and qualities for something else other than what he and society thinks he should be. As for â€Å"Twice Shy† the couple has experienced the unpleasant romantic situations in the past which lead to hesitancy in a new relationship. The au thor built the theme of identity in â€Å"Digging† and for â€Å"Twice Shy† the newfound love of the couples through the use of imagery, rhyme, and mood. The use of imagery in both poems are used to describe an author’s use of vivid descriptions (Purdue OWL: Literary Terms.) in order to create more depth in their work. Imagery in Digging can be found in the beginning of the poem, it is introduced by a simile - â€Å"The squat pen rests/; snug as a gun.† The pen Heaney has is being compared to a gun which represents his own kind ofShow MoreRelatedIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagespalatalized consonant. It is not, however, a conclusive argument against the /b/ plus /y/ interpretation, for it can be argued that only the first consonant of a cluster is reduplicated. 3. The palatalized consonant solution draws a parallel with the analysis of kw, gw, etc., as single labialized consonants. But their behaviour is not parallel; thus á »â€¹kwà   (to push) has the imperative kwà  a (and not *kà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¨a) and the gerund à ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤kwà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¨kwà   (and not *à ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤kà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¨kwà  ). Again, this is not an argument against the cluster interpretation

Secret Techniques for Undergraduate Topic Essay Samples Only the Pros Know

Secret Techniques for Undergraduate Topic Essay Samples Only the Pros Know In order to rate the factors for police brutality and the effect of the problem on the society the thesis paper applies a meta-analysis of the available literature to locate the key trends and pose the solutions appropriate for improving the problem. What you are able to do is synthesise aged ideas into interesting arguments. Certainly, psychology is among the most intriguing branches of science out there. If you like science, you're guaranteed to talk non-stop about it. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Undergraduate Topic Essay Samples Arguments always occur in a specific context. Selecting the most suitable topic for a persuasive speech may be not such an easy issue to do as it might appear. Your academic essay should evoke an emotion that is needed to spark different ideas, opinions and other types of responses. As soon as you've clarified all the terms, you can begin to gather your arguments and compose the essay. A superior persuasive speech topic ought to be specific and focused. The previous sentence provides the reply to the essay question. You will need to reveal the readers that you master of this issue and not a confused newbie who doesn't understand what he or she's referring to. Nonetheless, the right selection of a topic has the ability to play the decisive function in the whole research. The list by no means offers all the available topics as there's a number of questions which you can find in any of the approaches of psychology mentioned, so have a profound think what you'd love to write on. There are difference contexts that could be used within the very same subject so that you need to make certain that you will be clear in regards to identifying the section of the topic that you're likely to speak about. Make the usage of the suggested research paper topic ideas and you'll be prosperous. If you're confused with a selection of interesting topics to research online, it's far better to determine what interests you the most. The ideal research topic is one which is easily researchable. When picking your res earch paper topic, you should make certain it is neither boring nor worn out. In conclusion, it would appear that assignment essays continue to get a prominent part in tertiary education as an assessment tool. As an example, accounting is a fairly tricky discipline. If you're assigned with this kind of an assignment, you ought to be extremely attentive to the slightest details. It's well-known there are several kinds of assignments. There are several persuasive essay topics to select from to finish your high school or college assignment. Say, for instance, you're a high school student, and you should compose a 3-page essay. You need to be very careful when choosing an essay topic. Following are a few of the suggested sociology essay topic for those students that are unable to decide on a great topic for their assignment. Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Staying healthy is among the big trends. Sure, with this kind of a substantial selection of topics to pick from, picking just one may be challenging. 1 reason it's very interesting is that there's an obvious progression from the challenges at A level to the needs of a degree. You may use the samples as a foundation for working out how to write in the proper style. Our samples will get the maximum grade for you in case you submit it to your lecturer. When you're looking for an undergraduate research proposal sample, there are things you must watch out for. Think freely, but you're not permitted to take into consideration anything else besides the topic accessible. It is preferable to search online because it will save yourself a plenty of time. The rest is going to be achieved by experts in the best way.

Nurses’ Work Hours Free Essays

I have been a staff nurse in the emergency room for fourteen years. I have worked a variety of 8, 10, 12, and even 16 hour shifts. I currently am working 8 and 12-hour shifts on nights. We will write a custom essay sample on Nurses’ Work Hours or any similar topic only for you Order Now Previously, I also worked some 12-hour day shifts. I personally have been struggling with working the 12-hour shifts. My commute to work is 1 hour one way and I have fallen asleep several times driving home from work. The last four hours of my shift I experience great fatigue and even have had trouble staying awake. I have come close to having medication errors and feel that my quality of care is less during the last four hours. When working 12-hour shifts I average around 5-6 hours of sleep before returning to do another 12-hour shift. During an interview with another colleague also working 12-hour shifts she states she also experiences feeling very tired and less alert. She actually admits to having a medication error that she feels was associated with the long hours and fatigue. With these concerns I ask, â€Å"Are nurses work hours a concern for nurses and patient safety†? Introduction As demands for flexible work hours and a balance between home and work life have increased for nurses, twelve hour shifts are more common. The nursing shortage has also contributed to nurses’ working longer hours to cover shifts. Nurses must remain alert to provide safe care and prevent errors in medications and procedures. Nurse work hours are a concern to me regarding patient safety. I am also concerned with the health risk of nurses working long hours so I decided to do a search on how long hours affect nurses and their patients. I searched evidenced based research articles available from a variety of trustworthy healthcare sites like CINHAL, ANA, and Nursing Journals. I organized this literature review in three categories. These categories are: Positive and negative effects of long hours, effects of long hours on patient safety, and if there are any health effects on the nurse working 12-hour shifts. Literature Review Positive and Negative Effects of Long Hours There are both advantages and disadvantages of working 12 hour shifts (Ede, Davis, Sirois, Circadian, 2007). One advantage is working less days during the week, which is desirable of most nurses. It is also easier to have all the shifts covered because you do not have to hire as many nurses (Circadian, 2007). In a qualitative study by Richardson, Turnock, Harris, Finley, Carson (2007) the purpose was to examine the impact and implications of 12-hour shifts on critical care staff. Two groups and questionnaires with critical care staff from three critical care units were reviewed. Positive effects were found with planning and prioritizing care, improved relationships with parents/relatives, good quality time off work and ease of travelling to work. Less favorable effects were with caring for patients in isolation and the impact on staff motivation and tiredness. Acceptable patterns of work were suggested like no more than 2-3 consecutive shifts should be worked and rest periods between shifts. The survey concluded that most of the nurses that responded wanted to continue with 12-hour shifts. Systems and practices need to be developed to improve on the negative effects of working 12-hour shifts. In one of my interviews the nurse agreed that she enjoys 12-hour shifts because she has more days off during the week and feels she has more time with her family, although I personally disagree. She also states it is easier to provide day care for her children. Disadvantages of longer work hours according to Circadian (2007) included that it is harder to cover absences, limited family and social time during working days, more pay lost when a day is missed and increased percentage of night shifts. Longer work hours have also been associated with increased tiredness, less sleeping hours, driver fatigue returning home, and increased risk of errors or near errors ( Richardson et al. , 2007); (Scott, 2006); (Scott, 2010); (Chen, 2011). I have no time with my family on the days I work 12 hours. Even though I have more days off I feel I am spending at least one day recovering after working a long shift. I personally would rather have interaction with my family daily especially since the kids are in school. A colleague I interviewed also agreed that when working 12 hour shifts she had limited time with her family. Effects on Long Hours on Patient Safety As a result of nursing shortage hospital staff nurses are working longer hours with few breaks (Chen et al. 2011). In one quantitative study by Scott, Rogers, Hwang, Zhang (2006) they randomly selected 1148 critical care nurses and sent them a demographical questionnaire to fill and return related to medical errors and the hours they worked. The objective of this article was to describe the work patterns of critical care nurses, determine if there was a relationship between the occurrence of errors and the hours worked by the nurses, and explore whether these work hou rs had adverse effects on nurses’ vigilance. The 502 respondents consistently worked longer than scheduled and for extended periods. Longer work duration increased the risk errors and near risk errors and decreased nurses’ vigilance. The findings supported the Institute of Medicine recommendations to minimize the use of 12 hour shifts and to limit nurses’ work hours to no more than 12 consecutive hours during a 24 hour period (IOM, 2006). Although the findings note that 12 hour shifts can have negative effects, most participants wanted to continue working them. Nurses are responsible for the safety of their patients. Nurses must remain alert to provide safe care, recognize discrete changes in patient conditions, and intercept potentially dangerous errors in medication and procedural orders (Keller, 2009). Nurses’ work hours are a concern given the expectation of their sustained vigilance to maintain the well-being of patients. The 12 hour shifts worked by many nurses are associated with reduced sleep times, difficulties staying awake, frequent overtime, and significant risk for error (Rogers, Hwang, Scott, Aiken Dings, 2004)( Scott, Rogers, Hwang, Zhang, 2006). Even though 12 hour shifts may be preferred by many nurses, studies indicate that extended shifts worked by hospital staff nurses are associated with higher risk of errors. Long hours coupled with insufficient sleep and fatigue is even risker (Scott et al, 2010). More than two-thirds of 895 hospital staff nurses reported â€Å"struggling to stay awake on duty† at least once during a 28-day data gathering period (Rogers, Hwang, Scott, Dinges, 2003). Nurses reported fighting sleep about once every five shifts (2,258 out of 11,218 shifts). Drowsiness was not confined to the night shift; more than half of these episodes occurred between 6 A. M. and midnight. Nurses who reported shorter sleep durations were more likely to struggle to stay awake, fall asleep, and make errors while on duty (Scott et al, 2010). Effects on Nurses Working Long Hours Studies examing the health and safety consequences of nurses themselves are beginning to shed some doubt about the wisdom of continuing to use the twelve hour work schedule. According to one study, adverse health and safety outcomes of extended work hours include increased rates of musculoskeletal disorders, needlestick injuries, motor vehicle accidents, and inadequate sleep (Greiger-Brown, Trinkoff, 2010). All of these can be attributed to reduced vigilant attention, fatigue, and decreased neuromuscular fine motor control associated with sleep deficiency. In an interview with one colleague she states that her body, â€Å"hurts all over†, when working a twelve our shift. I have fallen asleep driving before which could of resulted in injury of myself or someone else. Lengthening of the shift duration from 8 to 12 hours significantly restricts the opportunity for sleep and produces sleep deficiency (Smith et al. , 1998). Working without adequate sleep between shifts can lead to negative chronic health effects including Cardiovascular Disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, decreased immune function, and increased cancer risk (IOM, 2006). In a quantitative study by Chen, Davis, Pan, Daraiseh (2011) a total 145 nurses wore monitors for one 12-hour day shift to record heart rate (HR) and work pace(WP), which were used to calculate energy expenditure(EE). The purpose of this study was to determine whether hospital nurses are experiencing physiological strain at work by examining their physiological and behavioral response patterns over 12-hour shifts. The EE and HR data presented in the study revealed a moderate physiological strain experienced by 12-hour shift nurses, regardless of their slowed paces during the last four hours. The study noted that although work pace slowed during the last 4 hours, the nurses’ heart rate continued to be elevated, which could lead to cardiovascular disorder. Moreover, inadequate work break and sleep, family care-giving responsibility and aging presented challenges that may have prohibited nurses from full recovery and potentially exacerbated the negative impacts of the 12 –hour shifts. Overall their results relates to EE and HR suggest that nursing workload of 12-hour has a negative physiological impact on nurses. Policy Implications Although there are negative effects noted in working twelve hour shifts, I don’t think it is going anywhere due to the fact that nurses love them, and the increase in nursing shortage. Keeping this in mind instead of focusing on stopping twelve hour shifts, there needs to be interventions on how to improve the 12 hour shifts to provide safer patient care and prevent health problems in nurses. The preliminary policy implications I have discovered is the possibility of limiting how many twelve hour shifts a nurse should work in a row, mandating breaks while working twelve hour shifts, allowing the night shift to nap, regulate how many hours a nurse can volunteer to work, and allow the older nurses to have an option between 8 and 12-hour shifts. In my institution there is no limit on how many hours a nurse can voluntarily sign up for as long as it is approved if it puts the nurse in overtime. Our breaks are not mandated, if we get one great, and if not we can get paid for not getting a break. Most of the time, our breaks are interrupted. Regarding naps, physicians on the night shift are allowed to sleep if there are no patients, but there is no policy stating the nurse can sleep. Some nurses actually work 24 hour shifts, but are allowed to sleep at night if they are not busy. There are times though that they are busy the whole 24 hours. In one interview a nurse stated that if she lays her head down and naps for about 20 minutes she feels much more alert. I have also tried taking a nap at work when there were no patients in the ER, and I did feel so much more alert, especially driving home. It is therefore wise to consider limiting shift length and hours worked per week per IOM recommendations. After reviewing the literature it is clear that the main problem is nurses not getting enough sleep between shifts which causes fatigue. In a study of nurses’ sleep habits, Geiger-Brown (2010) found that 58 percent averaged only 5. 5 hours of sleep. When they work three or four 12-plus hours a day, they are also unable to easily reestablish a â€Å"consistent sleep schedule†. In one research article it noted that allowing the nurses to nap, especially the night nurses showed improvement in alertness and feeling less fatigued and ultimately showed a reduction in errors or near errors (Fallis, McMillan, Edwards, 2011). It also noted that anagement needs consider to mandating that the 12 hour plus nurses are taking full uninterrupted breaks which also improves alertness. Most nurses are not taking full breaks and stay longer than the scheduled 12 hours which reduces their sleep and recovery time between shifts (Greiger-Brown, Trinkoff, 2010). In a recent review of studies between 1970 and 1998, 12 hour shifts nurses were fatigued in 5 of 7 studies, and of 10 studies measuring performance, 4 were negative, and 6 were neutral; none showed positive effects. In this review, laboratory studies showed deteriorated performance; but field studies found no difference between 8 and 12 hours. Recent studies with stronger designs and methods have increased the evidence that questions the safety of 12-hour shifts. More recent studies as mentioned earlier demonstrate an increase in patient care errors when nurses work 12 hour shifts compared to 8 hours. The research question that has been uncovered related to nurses’ long work hours is if the long hours affect the health of the nurse and patient safety? In my institution other colleagues have stated that they feel that when working 12 hours or longer more than two days in a row really decreases their quality of care because they are tired. I feel more studies need to be done on the impact of working hours and the nurses’ health along with more evidence regarding patient safety. One ethical implication researching effects of 12-hour shifts is that the managers do not want to take away 12-hour shifts due to nursing shortage because they do not have to hire as many nurses to cover shifts. Another issue is that most nurses enjoy the twelve hour shifts even though they know they become really tired because they enjoy having more days off during the week. Managers may fear that nurses will leave to find jobs that offer 12-hour shifts. I feel this is ethically a problem with colleagues and coalitions because they are not looking at the negative effects on the nurses and the patients. With research it has become obvious that working longer hours can effect both the health of the nurse and safety of the patients yet our facility along with many others have not come up with adequate resolutions to the problem. Conclusion Twelve hour shifts contribute to flexible patterns of work, but the effects of delivery of direct care and staff fatigue are important topics for deeper examination. More recent studies as mentioned earlier demonstrate an increase in patient care errors when nurses work 12 hour shifts compared to 8 hours. Although 12 hour shifts are popular, evidence shows us that extended working hours, and working while fatigued and sleep deprived reduce vigilance and impair physical/behavioral functioning. The result has damaging effects on patient safety, quality of care provided and the health of the nurse. I believe it is the responsibility of the nurse to recognize the risks of working longer hours to keep the patient safe and to also maintain their own health. I used the Patterns of Knowing (White, 1995) to view my topic and to gather information on this literature review. These patterns of knowing in nursing include empirics, esthetics, ethics, and personal knowing (White, 1995). I used empirics by gathering factual information regarding my topic. I discussed issues in regards to ethics on my topic that was mentioned in chapter 3. I included my personal knowledge and experience with working longer shift hours, and also looked at the esthetic form by putting it all together and acknowledging what the problem is. Doing this literature review I realize that working the longer hours does put a strain on my overall health, and also has potential to put my patients at risk. I will focus more on getting better sleep, and I have asked my manager about working only 8 hour shifts. I also really want to pursue gathering more information about night nurses being able to nap. How to cite Nurses’ Work Hours, Papers

Legal Discovery Memo free essay sample

I have also presented some additional matters for you to consider and some questions I would like you to think about that will hopefully assist your case. In some cases, courts will determine what is legitimate expectation of privacy when resolving disputes the Fourth Amendment protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures. This standard is applied when a Fourth Amendment applies only where an individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy in the place searched or the items seized. There is the presumption that a guest in a hotel or motel room has a reasonable expectation of privacy. However, this presumption may be overcome, a guest generally does not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in his hotel room after the rental period has terminated. Therefore, if the court finds that either of these conditions has been met, the court may determine if an individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy in a hotel room past check out time. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Discovery Memo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As I stated above, a guest whose rental period has expired may still have a reasonable expectation of privacy. In order to make such a determination, the court takes into consideration various factors including [a] guest may still have a legitimate expectation of privacy even after his rental period has terminated, if there is a pattern or practice which would make that expectation reasonable. The court also considers the acknowledged that a warrantless search immediately after checkout time would be improper if the hotel, as most hotels do, had a pattern or practice of allowing guests some leeway regarding the checkout time. In making this determination, the court takes into consideration such factors as the length of time after check out, the check out policy of the hotel/motel, as well as the methods of law enforcement. The court also weighs the time that has elapsed since the guest checked in and paid for intended stay parent is also taken into consideration. There are several court cases that can assist us in understanding how the courts apply these factors. In one particular case parent is also taken into consideration. In this case, the defendant paying $28. 5 for a one night single occupancy stay; he failed to check out by the regular checkout time which was 12:00 p. m. the next day. This arrangement eventually resulted in the defendants companion deposited $100 with the front desk clerk as advance rental payment on the defendants account. The defendant believed that the $100 deposit, together with his initial $28. 45 payment, would secure for him the $106. 00 per week rental rate in lieu of the h igher daily rate. When the defendant was arrested after a report stated that his vehicle was stolen. The officers returned to his room to get his companion out of the room. Additionally, a complete search of the room was ordered without a warrant. Inside a closed dresser drawer the officers found a cloth bag secured at the top with a draw string. They opened the closed bag and found over two ounces of cocaine. As a result, the court found that the above factors constituted the defendants had a reasonable expectation of privacy in the motel room for three reasons. First, a few days earlier, when the defendant had stayed past check-out time, instead of evicting him the hotel permitted him to extend his stay and pay for the additional term of occupancy. Second, the manager testified that it was the motels policy to ask those guests staying past checkout time whether they would be leaving or extending their stay. It was not the motels policy to evict guests who were staying past checkout time for brief periods. Third, the defendant had given the hotel a large cash deposit, which may have led him to believe that he was paid up through the rest of the week. In another case, the court determined that although a reasonable expectation of privacy did exist in a motel room after check-out time, that expectation of privacy had been extinguished prior to the officers entering the room. The defendants began renting a room at the New Otani Hotel. The hotel left a message on the voice mail in the defendants room, reminding them of the noon checkout time. One defendant left the hotel before noon. However, shortly after noon, the executive housekeeper knocked on the door of the room to inquire when the remaining defendant would be checking out. The remaining defendant told her that he intended to stay until 12:30 p. m. The housekeeper told remaining defendant OK and said that she would tell the front desk. At 12:40 p. m. , the manager and six officers knocked on the room door and told remaining defendant that he was there to evict him. At that point, the police arrested remaining defendant and a search of his person yielded a baggie containing a substance resembling crystal methamphetamine. The court found that while the remaining defendant had a reasonable expectation of privacy beyond the noon check-out time, that expectation of privacy lasted only until 12:30 p. m. which was prior to the officers entering the room at 12:40 p. m. The court also found that the hotel practices extended the remaining defendant expectation of privacy in the room past check-out time but only until 12:30 p. m. Also, the housekeeper testified that the reason why the housekeeping staff did not tell guests to leave immediately at noon is because thirty minutes is . . . not that much difference. Thus, although the New Otani permits guests some leeway with respect to checkout time, the leeway time is limited. Further, the record supports the finding that remaining defendant stated only that he planned to remain in the room until 12:30 p. . The court also found that one of the defendants had left the room already. Finally, the hotels 10 a. m. reminder call of the checkout time, and the housekeepers noon visit, put the remaining defendant on notice that any extension past noon would be of limited duration. Therefore, it was determined that expectation of privacy had been extinguished prior to the officers entering the room. In yet anothe r case, the defendants did not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their hotel room an hour after checkout time. The defendants were guests at a motel and that the guests were in the room past the 11:00 a. m. check-out time. At about 12:30 p. m. , with the managers consent, the officers went to the room to tell the occupants to either vacate the room or pay for an additional night. Just as the officers arrived at the room, the door opened and two individuals exited. While the door was open, one of the officers noticed one of the occupants of the room run into the bathroom. The officer entered the bathroom and noticed a vial of what he believed to be crack cocaine in plain view. The officer arrested the defendants and during a search incident to the arrest, the officers found a sock containing bags with crack cocaine. The court found that that in this case, there was no reasonable expectation of privacy for the following reasons. First, the defendants did not have a pattern or practice of staying past check-out time. Second, the motel had a strict policy of enforcing checkout times. The policy states that all guests must check out by 11:00 a. m. The manager testified that if guests do not check out by 11:30 a. m. the hotel contacts them and requests that they re-register or leave. The manager also testified that he has entered rooms and evicted the occupants when they stayed past 11:30 a. m. In addition, the manager testified that on several occasions he has called the police to assist him in evicting individuals who have stayed past 11:30 a. m. without paying for an additional night. It is important that you think about the factors the court considers, and how they apply to your case. We should continue to discuss the impact of witness testimony. Also, we should explore whether the motel had a policy to ask guests staying past checkout time whether they would be leaving or extending their stay and it was not the motels policy to evict guests who were staying past checkout time for brief periods. For instance, individuals stayed in your room for only five to ten minutes and left. A list of all individuals that visited and their length of stay would help determine your defense and set up a timeline of events? Please call and set up a time for us to meet so that we can further discuss your case. Sincerely, Shannon Yonkers Paralegal SSY/ssy